yan deeveee



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

B. B. VAN DBRVEER;

BAKING FURNAGE AND OVEN.

No. 349,771. Patented Sept. 28 1 886,

N4 PETERS. Fhalo-Iilhognphun wmi n nnnnnn C.

' (NoModeL) 2S'heets-Sheet 2.

B.'B. VAN DERVEER; v

- BAKING FURNACE AND OVEN. N0. '349','771. Patented Sept. 28, 1886.

29% bmooae gmow /bozeral plane of the front wall.

UNITED STAT S:

PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN B. VAN DERVEER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BAKING FURNACE AND OVEN.

FJPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 349,771, dated September 28, 1886.

Application filed March 16, 1886. Serial No. 195,418. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN BEEKMAN VAN DERVEER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, New York, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in a Baking Furnace and Oven; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

' The objects of my invention are to secure a more regular circulation and a more even distribution of the heat in the oven; to prevent the products of combustion when'they are at their highest point of heatnamely, just as they are escaping from the fire-from coming into contact with the goods when they are first put into the oven; to economize in the amount of heat required by bringing the combustionchamber as close as possible to the pans and reducing the size of the oven, and preventing the escape of heat through the oven-door; and, lastly, to enable the oven and furnace to be operated more easily and economically and with less danger to the operator and the build- 111 in the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a front elevation of my improved furnace and oven. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 00 a of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line g y of Fig. 2.

Similar letters refer to similar parts in the different figmes.

A is the front vertical wall of the furnace and oven. is set back, preferably, for quite a distance say two and a half or three feet-from the gen- In front of this part a there is thus left a recess or open space, which is preferably arched at the top.

The combustionchamber of the furnace is placed immediately behind the wall a, below which chamber is the grate I). The combustion-chamber is long and narrow. It is long in the direction across the furnace from side to side and narrow in the direction from front a is a part of this front wall,whiclr from side to side and narrow in a direction from front to rear, so as to make the pans and the combustion-chamber correspond in shape and arrangement.

f is the door of the oven, through which the contents of the oven are removed or fresh contents supplied.

9 g are two flues, one opening into the top back portion and the other into the lower back portion of the oven.

Hitherto in all bakingfurnaces having the furnace-doors in front the combustion-chamber has been placed immediately back of the front wall of the furnace and under the front part of the oven. This, was considered neces' sary, because if the combustion-chamber was removed back from the front part of the furnace the fire could not be operated and managed successfully, on account of the length of the doorways or passages leading to it. When the combustion-chamber is placed underneath the front part of the oven, as above described, if the cornbnstionchamber is open, as in Orum-' bies invention, (shown in Letters Patent No. 340,983,) the products of combustion rise up directly to the door of the oven, and immediately come into contact with the goods just as they are introduced into the oven, and as the products of combustion are then at their highest point of heat the goods are apt to be scorched orburned,or else unevenly and irregularly baked. Moreover, this intense heat pours out of the oven-door into the face of the operator and materially interferes with his Work. Great quantities of heatare lost in this way also. In the furnaces where the combustion-cha'mber is not open the heat is conducted into the oven through flues which absorb large quantities of it and necessitate removing the fi re farther from the oven. Besides this,where fines are employed the heat is introdncedint'o the oven at certain points only, and is therefore unevenly distributed and does not bake the goods uniformly.

In my invention the heat is introduced into the oven from below at aboutthe middle point. It rises directly through the center, and is then deflected down on all sides. The part of the oven into which the goods are first placed is therefore not exposed to the direct draft from the fire, but is moremoderately heated. Thus the goods are subjected gradually to a higher and higher heat till they pass directly over the fire.

In this way they are prevented from being burned or scorched, and are more thoroughly and evenly baked. Moreover, but little heat escapes directly through the oven-door, and thus heat and fuel are economized and the operator is not interfered with by the escaping heat, and therefore is enabled to work more constantly and for a greater length of time.

I am embled to so place my combustionchamber by forming a recess in the lower fro nt part of the furnace. The Wall a is made of suitable thickness, and in it are the doors opening into the combustionchamber. By forming this recess I am enabled to accomplish several additional purposes. Less space is required in front of the furnace for its operation, as the two or three feet of the recess can be used for this purpose; hence the furnace requires less room for its construction and manipulation.

Great danger is experienced in running the ordinary baking-furnaces, because when such furnaces are being started or fed with fuel the sparks,whieh are discharged from the furnacedoors in great quantities, are apt to set fire to any surrounding wood-work. By making my covered recess this danger is entirely avoided, as the sparks are confined by the sides and roof of this recess.

As my combustion-chamber is placed underneath the middle of the oven, the fire is brought nearer to the goods to be baked, for the revolving pans reach their lowestposition just over the middle of the bottom of the oven. Thus the amount of heat required is reduced to a minimum. To secure a more regular dis tribution of the heat, the combustion-chamber is made to correspond in shape to the bakingpans, so that as each pan comes down immediately over the fire each part of the pan and its contents has a corresponding part of the fire immediately under it, from Which it receives a direct charge of heat, and a similar regularity of distribution of heat is caused in the various parts of the oven; hence the goods are evenly and uniformly baked.

By my construction of the oven the bakingehamber is made more nearly round and has less unused space. Again, the doors of the furnace and whatever levers and dampers ,may be connected with them are sheltered by the walls of the recess, and are less apt to be accidentally moved and displaced. WVheu the tines g g, or either of them, are opened, the central current of heat that passes up directly from the fire is drawn more toward the back, and farther away from the door of the oven. This may at times be found to be desirable. Either flue can be used without the other, or both can be used together. During the operation of baking the fines are generally closed.

In my improved furnace and even less time is required to start the fire and bring it to a proper condition for baking. This results from the fact that the combustion-chamber, being at the middle of the oven, is directly or almost directly under the flue or fines, and a more direct and stronger draft is thuscreated, because the products of combustion have a shorter distance to travel through the unconfined space of the baking'chamber. The draft being stronger, the fire can be more quickly brought to the requisite point of heat than where the combustion-chamber is placed below the front part of the oven.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

In combination with a reeloven having its bake-pans long in the direction across the even from side to side, an open combustion-chamber at the bottom and near the median vertical line of the oven, corresponding in form and arrangement with the baking-pans, and having a wall with doors in front, said wall and doors being in the rear of the plane of-the front wall of the oven, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

BENJAMIN B. VAN DERVEER. 

